General glossary
API (Application Programming Interface) – is a set of rules and mechanisms that allow different systems, applications, or services to communicate with each other. It enables one application to use the functionality or data of another (e.g., retrieving data, sending information, or integrating with external services) without needing to understand its internal structure.
CMS (Content Management System) – that allows you to easily edit website content such as text, images, and other elements without programming knowledge. An example of a CMS is WordPress.
Domain – a unique address of a website (e.g., yourcompany.com) that you enter in a browser to visit it. A domain directs users to a specific location on the internet where the website is hosted.
Hosting – a service that involves storing website files on a server that is available 24/7. Thanks to hosting, your website can be accessible to users on the internet.
SEO (Search Engine Optimization) – the process of optimizing a website so that it becomes more visible in search engine results, such as Google.
It includes technical, content-related, and link-building activities that help search engines understand the website’s content and recognize it as valuable for users.
The goal of SEO is to increase organic (unpaid) traffic to the website and improve its ranking in search results for selected keywords.
WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines) – is a set of guidelines developed by the World Wide Web Consortium that define how to create websites and digital applications so that they are accessible to the widest possible group of users – including people with disabilities.
Why WCAG?
Thanks to WCAG, websites can be used by people with various limitations, such as:
- blind users (screen readers),
- visually impaired users (contrast, scaling),
- users with motor impairments (keyboard navigation),
- users with cognitive difficulties.
Conformance Levels
WCAG defines specific requirements (so-called success criteria), which are divided into conformance levels:
- A – basic
- AA – standard (most commonly required),
- AAA – highest.
1. Level A
This is the absolute minimum. If you don’t meet it, the website may be practically unusable for some users.
Key requirements for Level A:
- Images have alt text (screen reader knows what is in the image)
- The website works with a keyboard (no mouse required)
- No elements that can cause seizures (e.g. flashing)
- Forms have labels
- HTML structure is meaningful (headings, lists, etc.)
2. Level AA
This is the real-world standard required by:
- companies
- commercial projects
- law (e.g. EU)
Key requirements for Level AA:
- everything from Level A plus the following
- proper color contrast (min. 4.5:1) for text
- text can be resized up to 200% without breaking the layout
- focus (tab) is visible
- forms have meaningful error messages
- videos have captions
- interactive elements have meaningful names (aria-label, etc.)
3. Level AAA
This is a very strict level and is rarely required in full.
Key requirements for Level AAA:
- everything from Level A and AA plus the following
- even higher contrast (7:1)
- no complex language (simple language)
- additional descriptions for multimedia
- no time limits (or full control)
- more advanced support for users with disabilities
GitHub – a platform for storing and managing source code based on the Git version control system. It enables team collaboration, change tracking, and project development management.
Technology stack
WooCommerce – a WordPress extension that adds e-commerce functionality. It allows you to build fully customizable online stores, with the ability to tailor sales logic, integrations, and frontend design.
Bootstrap – a CSS/JavaScript framework that accelerates user interface development. It provides a grid system, ready-made components, and tools for building responsive layouts.
React.js – a JavaScript library for building user interfaces based on components. It enables the creation of dynamic applications and modular state and UI logic management.
SCSS – a CSS preprocessor that extends its capabilities with variables, nesting, functions, and mixins, allowing for more scalable and organized styling code.
Cordova.js (Apache Cordova) – a framework that enables building mobile applications using web technologies, with access to native device features through an intermediary API layer.
Capacitor – a modern runtime layer for web applications that allows them to run as mobile apps. It provides access to native device features (e.g., camera, GPS) and easy integration with Android and iOS projects.
Phaser.js – a JavaScript framework for creating 2D browser-based games, utilizing technologies such as Canvas and WebGL, and providing systems for scene management, physics, and animations.
JavaScript – a programming language used to create interactive elements on websites, such as animations, forms, and dynamic content. It runs in the browser and on the server (e.g., Node.js).
TypeScript – a superset of JavaScript that introduces static typing and additional tools for catching errors during development. It helps in building larger and more reliable web applications.
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) – a language used to define the visual appearance of websites, such as colors, fonts, layouts, and responsiveness. It separates content (HTML) from presentation.
HTML (HyperText Markup Language) – a markup language used to create the structure of web pages, defining headings, paragraphs, links, images, and other content elements.
PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) – a server-side programming language used to generate dynamic web pages, handle databases, and implement application logic.